Issue
How does amazon ec2 work in regards to routing a domain name to an instance using load balancers?
What is the flow of a request from the domain name to the ec2 instance?
Solution
There is documentation regarding this on AWS, you can check the page Routing traffic to an ELB load balancer - Amazon Route 53 which contains the details.
Moreover in the above document there are links to other pages like how to use Route 53 etc., you will get full coverage of what you are looking for.
Answered By - Subhashis Pandey